第一章 总则
第二章 受案范围
第三章 管辖
第四章 诉讼参加人
第五章 证据
第六章 起诉和受理
第七章 审理和判决
第一节一般规定
第二节 第一审普通程序
第三节 简易程序
第四节 第二审程序
第五节 审判监督程序
第八章 执行
第九章 涉外行政诉讼
第十章 附则
Contents
Chapter I: General Provisions
Chapter II: Scope of Case Acceptance
Chapter III: Jurisdiction
Chapter IV: Litigation Participants
Chapter V: Evidence
Chapter VI: Raising and Accepting Cases
Chapter VII: Trial and Judgment
Section 1: Ordinary Provisions
Section 2: Ordinary First-Instance Trial Procedures
Section 3: Summary Procedures
Section 4: Second-instance Trial Procedures
Section 5: Trial Supervision Procedures
Chapter VIII: Enforcement
Chapter IX: Administrative Litigation involving Foreign Interests
Chapter X: Supplementary Provisions
第一章 总则
第一条 为保证人民法院公正、及时审理行政案件，解决行政争议，保护公民、法人和其他组织的合法权益，监督行政机关依法行使行政职权，根据宪法，制定本法。
Chapter I: General Provisions
Article 1: Pursuant to the Constitution, this Law is enacted for the purposes of ensuring the just and prompt handling of administrative cases by the people's courts, resolving administrative disputes, protecting the lawful rights and interests of citizens, legal persons and other organizations, and supervising the exercise of administrative powers by administrative organs in accordance with the law.
第二条 公民、法人或者其他组织认为行政机关和行政机关工作人员的行政行为侵犯其合法权益，有权依照本法向人民法院提起诉讼。
前款所称行政行为，包括法律、法规、规章授权的组织作出的行政行为。
Article 2: Citizens, legal persons or other organizations feeling that their lawful rights and interests have been infringed upon by an administrative act of an administrative organ or its personnel, have the right to bring a suit before a people's court in accordance with this Law.
Administrative acts as used in the preceding paragraph includes administrative actions made by organizations authorized under laws, regulations or rules.
第三条 人民法院应当保障公民、法人和其他组织的起诉权利，对应当受理的行政案件依法受理。
行政机关及其工作人员不得干预、阻碍人民法院受理行政案件。
被诉行政机关负责人应当出庭应诉。不能出庭的，应当委托行政机关相应的工作人员出庭。
Article 3: People's courts shall protect citizens, legal persons and other organizations' right to sue, and accept in accordance with law those administrative cases that should be accepted and heard.
Administrative organs and their staff must not interfere with or impede people's Courts acceptance of administrative cases.
The responsible party of administrative organs being sued shall appear in court to respond to the suit. Where they cannot appear in court, they shall entrust relevant personnel from the administrative organ to appear in court.
第四条 人民法院依法对行政案件独立行使审判权，不受行政机关、社会团体和个人的干涉。
人民法院设行政审判庭，审理行政案件。
第五条 人民法院审理行政案件，以事实为根据，以法律为准绳。
第六条 人民法院审理行政案件，对行政行为是否合法进行审查。
第七条 人民法院审理行政案件，依法实行合议、回避、公开审判和两审终审制度。
第八条 当事人在行政诉讼中的法律地位平等。
Article 4: People's courts shall, in accordance with the law, exercise judicial power independently over administrative cases, and receive no interference from administrative organs, social groups or individuals.
People's Courts establish administrative trial divisions, hearing administrative cases.
Article 5: People's courts hearing administrative cases, have the facts as their basis and law as their measure.
Article 6: People's courts hearing administrative cases, review the legality of administrative acts.
Article 7: People's courts hearing administrative cases shall, in accordance with law, carry out the collegial panel, recusal, public trial and second-instance trial as final judgment systems.
Article 8: Parties in administrative lawsuits have equal legal positions.
第九条 各民族公民都有用本民族语言、文字进行行政诉讼的权利。
在少数民族聚居或者多民族共同居住的地区，人民法院应当用当地民族通用的语言、文字进行审理和发布法律文书。
人民法院应当对不通晓当地民族通用的语言、文字的诉讼参与人提供翻译。
Article 9: Citizens of all ethnicities have the right to use their ethnic language and script to conduct administrative litigation.
In areas inhabited by ethnic minorities where several ethnicities live together, people's courts shall conduct adjudication and issue legal documents in the languages and scripts commonly used by the local ethnicities.
People's courts shall provide translation for litigation participants who do not understand the language or script commonly used by the local nationalities.
第十条 当事人在行政诉讼中有权进行辩论。
第十一条 人民检察院有权对行政诉讼实行法律监督。
Article 10: In administrative lawsuits, the parties have the right to conduct debate.
Article 11: People's Procuratorate have the right to exercise legal supervision over administrative lawsuits.
第二章 受案范围
第十二条 人民法院受理公民、法人或者其他组织提起的下列诉讼：
(一)对行政拘留、暂扣或者吊销许可证和执照、责令停产停业、没收违法所得、没收非法财物、罚款、警告等行政处罚不服的；
(二)对限制人身自由或者对财产的查封、扣押、冻结等行政强制措施和行政强制执行不服的；
(三)申请行政许可，行政机关拒绝或者在法定期限内不予答复，或者对行政机关作出的有关行政许可的其他决定不服的；
(四)对行政机关作出的关于确认土地、矿藏、水流、森林、山岭、草原、荒地、滩涂、海域等自然资源的所有权或者使用权的决定不服的；
(五)对征收、征用决定及其补偿决定不服的；
(六)申请行政机关履行保护人身权、财产权等合法权益的法定职责，行政机关拒绝履行或者不予答复的；
(七)认为行政机关侵犯其经营自主权或者农村土地承包经营权、农村土地经营权的；
(八)认为行政机关滥用行政权力排除或者限制竞争的；
(九)认为行政机关违法集资、摊派费用或者违法要求履行其他义务的；
(十)认为行政机关没有依法支付抚恤金、最低生活保障待遇或者社会保险待遇的；
(十一)认为行政机关不依法履行、未按照约定履行或者违法变更、解除政府特许经营协议、土地房屋征收补偿协议等协议的；
(十二)认为行政机关侵犯其他人身权、财产权等合法权益的。
除前款规定外，人民法院受理法律、法规规定可以提起诉讼的其他行政案件。
Chapter II: Scope of Case Acceptance
Article 12: Peoples Courts accept the following lawsuits brought by citizens, legal persons or other organizations:
(1）Where one does not accept an administrative punishment such as administrative detention, the withholding or revocation of a license or permit, an order to stop production and operations, confiscation of unlawful gains, confiscation of illegal property, fines or warnings；
(2）Where one does not accept compulsory administrative measures and compulsory administrative enforcement, such as limits on personal freedom or the sealing, seizing or freezing of property;
(3）Where an application for an administrative permit was refused by an administrative organ or it did not respond with the periord provided by law; or where one does not accept other decisions made by administrative organs regarding administrative permits.
(4）Where one does not accept a decision by administrative organ regarding determination of ownership or usage rights for natural resources such as land, minerals, water, forests, mountains, grasslands, uncultivated lands, tidal flats and sea areas;
(5) Where one does not accept a decision on expropriation, requisition or the compensation therefore;
(6）Where on application to an administrative organ to carry out its duty to protect lawful rights and interests such as rights in person or property, the administrative organ refuses to perform or does not respond.
(7）Where it is felt that an administrative organ has violated their management autonomy or rural land contract management rights and rural land contract operations management rights.;
(8）Where it is felt that an administrative organ has abused its administrative powers to exclude or limit competition;
(9）Where it is felt that an administrative organ has illegally fund-raised, apportioned charges or unlawfully requested the performance of other duties;
(10) Where it is found that an administrative organ has not made payment in accordance with law of casualty compensation or minimum living allowance benefits, or social security benefits ;
(11) Where is found that an administrative organ has not performed in accordance with law, has not performed as agreed, or has made unlawful modifications to or dissolved a government licensed management agreement, a land and housing acquisition compensation agreement, or other agreement;
(12）Where it is felt that an administrative organ has violated rights in person or property, or other lawful interests.
Outside of those provided in the preceding paragraphs, people's courts accept other administrative cases that laws and regulations provide may be raised.
第十三条 人民法院不受理公民、法人或者其他组织对下列事项提起的诉讼：
(一)国防、外交等国家行为；
(二)行政法规、规章或者行政机关制定、发布的具有普遍约束力的决定、命令；
(三)行政机关对行政机关工作人员的奖惩、任免等决定；
(四)法律规定由行政机关最终裁决的行政行为。
Article 13: People's courts do not accept the following lawsuit raised by citizens, legal persons or other organizations:
(1）Acts of state such as defense and foreign affairs;
(2）Administrative rules, regulations or decisions and orders formulated and released by administrative organs that are widely binding;
(3）administrative organs' decisions on administrative organ personnel, such as rewards and punishments, or appointments and terminations ;
(4） administrative acts for which the laws provide that an administrative organ has the final judgment.
第三章 管辖
第十四条 基层人民法院管辖第一审行政案件。
第十五条 中级人民法院管辖下列第一审行政案件：
(一)对国务院部门或者县级以上地方人民政府所作的行政行为提起诉讼的案件；
(二)海关处理的案件；
(三)本辖区内重大、复杂的案件；
(四)其他法律规定由中级人民法院管辖的案件。
Chapter III: Jurisdiction
Article 14: Basic level people's court have jurisdiction over first-instance trials of administrative cases.
Article 15: Intermediate People's Court have first-instance jurisdiction over the following administrative cases:
(1) Cases of litigation against administrative acts by any department of the state council or a local people's government at the county level or above；
(2) Cases handled by Customs;
(3) significant and complicated cases in the jurisdictional region;
(4) Other cases where the jurisdiction of intermediate courts is provided for by law.
第十六条 高级人民法院管辖本辖区内重大、复杂的第一审行政案件。
第十七条 最高人民法院管辖全国范围内重大、复杂的第一审行政案件。
第十八条 行政案件由最初作出行政行为的行政机关所在地人民法院管辖。经复议的案件，也可以由复议机关所在地人民法院管辖。
经最高人民法院批准，高级人民法院可以根据审判工作的实际情况，确定若干人民法院跨行政区域管辖行政案件。
第十九条 对限制人身自由的行政强制措施不服提起的诉讼，由被告所在地或者原告所在地人民法院管辖。
第二十条 因不动产提起的行政诉讼，由不动产所在地人民法院管辖。
Article 16: High people's courts have jurisdiction over significant and complicated first-instance administrative cases in the jurisdictional region.
Article 17: The Supreme People's Court has nationwide jurisdiction nationwide over significant and complicated first-instance administrative cases.
Article 18: Administrative cases are in the jurisdiction of the people's court in the area of the administrative organ that first took the administrative act. For cases that have had a reconsideration, jurisdiction may also be had by the people's court at the location of the reconsidering organ.
Upon approval from the Supreme People’s Court, High People’s Courts may, on the basis of the actual situation of their work, designate several intermediate courts with jurisdiction areas for administrative cases that crosses administrative regions.
Article 19: Lawsuits raised against compulsory measures that limit personal freedom, are in the jurisdiction of the people's court at the place of the defendant or plaintiff.
Article 20: Administrative cases raised due to immovable property, are in the jurisdiction of the people's court for the area where the immovable property sits.
第二十一条 两个以上人民法院都有管辖权的案件，原告可以选择其中一个人民法院提起诉讼。原告向两个以上有管辖权的人民法院提起诉讼的，由最先立案的人民法院管辖。
第二十二条 人民法院发现受理的案件不属于本院管辖的，应当移送有管辖权的人民法院，受移送的人民法院应当受理。受移送的人民法院认为受移送的案件按照规定不属于本院管辖的，应当报请上级人民法院指定管辖，不得再自行移送。
Article 21: In cases where two or more people's courts have jurisdiction rights, the plaintiff may choose one of these people's courts to bring a lawsuit. Where the plaintiff brings suit in two or more people's courts with jurisdiction rights, the first people's court to file the case has jurisdiction.
Article 22: Where people's courts discover that a case they have accepted is not within their jurisdiction, they shall transfer it to a people's court with jurisdiction, and the people's court receiving it shall accept it. Where the receiving people's court finds that in accordance with provisions it is not within the jurisdiction of that court, it shall report to the higher level people's court to designate jurisdiction, and must not transfer it a gain.
第二十三条 有管辖权的人民法院由于特殊原因不能行使管辖权的，由上级人民法院指定管辖。
人民法院对管辖权发生争议，由争议双方协商解决。协商不成的，报它们的共同上级人民法院指定管辖。
第二十四条 上级人民法院有权审理下级人民法院管辖的第一审行政案件。
下级人民法院对其管辖的第一审行政案件，认为需要由上级人民法院审理或者指定管辖的，可以报请上级人民法院决定。
Article 23: Where a people's court with jurisdiction rights is for special reasons unable to exercise jurisdiction, the people's court at the level above designates jurisdiction.
If dispute occurs between people's courts regarding jurisdiction, the two sides to the dispute shall resolve it through consultation. If consultation does not succeed, it shall be reported to the court above them both to designate jurisdiction.
Article 24: Higher level people's courts have the right to hear administrative cases over which lower people's courts have first-instance jurisdiction.
Where lower people's courts feel that an administrative case over which they have first-instance jurisdiction needs to heard by a higher level people's court or have jurisdiction designated, they may report the situation to the people's court above for a decision.
第四章 诉讼参加人
第二十五条 行政行为的相对人以及其他与行政行为有利害关系的公民、法人或者其他组织，有权提起诉讼。
有权提起诉讼的公民死亡，其近亲属可以提起诉讼。
有权提起诉讼的法人或者其他组织终止，承受其权利的法人或者其他组织可以提起诉讼。
Chapter IV: Litigation Participants
Article 25: The object of an administrative act and other citizens, legal persons or other organizations with interests in an administrative act, have the right to bring a lawsuit.
If the citizen with the right to bring a lawsuit is deceased, his close family members may bring the lawsuit.
If a legal person or other organization is terminated, the legal person of other organization inheriting its rights may bring a lawsuit.
第二十六条 公民、法人或者其他组织直接向人民法院提起诉讼的，作出行政行为的行政机关是被告。
经复议的案件，复议机关决定维持原行政行为的，作出原行政行为的行政机关和复议机关是共同被告；复议机关改变原行政行为的，复议机关是被告。
复议机关在法定期限内未作出复议决定，公民、法人或者其他组织起诉原行政行为的，作出原行政行为的行政机关是被告；起诉复议机关不作为的，复议机关是被告。
两个以上行政机关作出同一行政行为的，共同作出行政行为的行政机关是共同被告。
行政机关委托的组织所作的行政行为，委托的行政机关是被告。
行政机关被撤销或者职权变更的，继续行使其职权的行政机关是被告。
Article 26: Where a citizen, legal person or other organization directly brings a lawsuit before a people's court, the administrative organ that took the administrative act is the defendant.
Where, upon reconsideration of a case, the reconsidering organ sustains the original administrative act, the administrative organ that took the original administrative act and the reconsideration organ are joint defendants; if the reconsidering organ has changed the original administrative act, the reconsidering organ is the defendant.
Where a reconsideration organ has not issued a reconsideration decision within the statutory time period, and citizens, legal persons or other organizations file suit on the original administrative action, the administrative organ which made the original administrative act is the defendant; where the suit is on the reconsideration organ's inaction, the reconsideration organ is the defendant.
Where two or more administrative organs have taken the same administrative act, the administrative organs that have jointly undertaken the administrative act are joint defendants.
Administrative acts taken by an organization entrusted by an administrative organ, the entrusting administrative organ is the defendant.
Where an administrative organ has been abolished or its powers modified, the administrative organ that continues to perform its powers is the defendant.
第二十七条 当事人一方或者双方为二人以上，因同一行政行为发生的行政案件，或者因同类行政行为发生的行政案件、人民法院认为可以合并审理并经当事人同意的，为共同诉讼。
第二十八条 当事人一方人数众多的共同诉讼，可以由当事人推选代表人进行诉讼。代表人的诉讼行为对其所代表的当事人发生效力，但代表人变更、放弃诉讼请求或者承认对方当事人的诉讼请求，应当经被代表的当事人同意。
Article 27: In administrative cases arising from a single administrative act, or administrative cases arising from a common type of administrative act, where there are two or more persons in the parties of one or both sides, and the people's court feel they cases may be merged for trial, it will be a joint suit with the consent of the parties.
Article 28: For joint actions were one party is a large group of people, the party may select a representative to conduct the litigation. For joint actions were one party is a large group of people, the party may select a representative to conduct the litigation. The legal acts of the representative shall take effect for the party represented, except that changes to or waiver of any claim, or concessions to the other parties' demands, shall be upon consent of the represented party.
第二十九条 公民、法人或者其他组织同被诉行政行为有利害关系但没有提起诉讼，或者同案件处理结果有利害关系的，可以作为第三人申请参加诉讼，或者由人民法院通知参加诉讼。
人民法院判决第三人承担义务或者减损第三人权益的，第三人有权依法提起上诉。
第三十条 没有诉讼行为能力的公民，由其法定代理人代为诉讼。法定代理人互相推诿代理责任的，由人民法院指定其中一人代为诉讼。
Article 29: Citizens, legal persons or other organizations that have interests in an administrative action that is subject to litigation but have not brought suit, or those with interests in the outcome of the case disposition, may apply to participate in the litigation as a third party or be notified by the people’s court to participate in the litigation.
Where people's courts rule that third parties bear obligations or limit the rights of third parties, the third parties have the right to appeal in accordance with law.
Article 30: Citizen's without capacity for litigation, are represented by their legally-designated representatives in court. Where the legally-designated representative struggle among themselves over the responsibility, the people's court appoint one of them to handle the lawsuit.
第三十一条 当事人、法定代理人，可以委托一至二人作为诉讼代理人。
下列人员可以被委托为诉讼代理人：
(一)律师、基层法律服务工作者；
(二)当事人的近亲属或者工作人员；
(三)当事人所在社区、单位以及有关社会团体推荐的公民。
Article 31: Parties and their legally-designated representatives may retain one or two persons as agents ad litem.
The following persons may be retained as agents ad litem:
(1) lawyers or basic-level legal service workers；
(2) The close relatives or staff of the parties；
(3) Citizens recommended by the parties' community, workplace or social groups.
第三十二条 代理诉讼的律师，有权按照规定查阅、复制本案有关材料，有权向有关组织和公民调查，收集与本案有关的证据。对涉及国家秘密、商业秘密和个人隐私的材料，应当依照法律规定保密。
当事人和其他诉讼代理人有权按照规定查阅、复制本案庭审材料，但涉及国家秘密、商业秘密和个人隐私的内容除外。
Article 32: A lawyer representing in a case has the right to consult and reproduce materials pertaining to that case in accordance with rules, and the rights to investigate and collect evidence relevant to the case from the involved organizations and citizens. For information that involves state secrets, commercial secrets or the individuals' privacy, confidentiality shall be kept in accordance with provisions of the law.
Parties and their agents ad litem have the right to consult or reproduce materials relating to that case's court proceedings in accordance with rules, but excepting those involving state secrets, commercial secrets or individuals' privacy.
第五章 证据
第三十三条 证据包括：
(一)书证；
(二)物证；
(三)视听资料；
(四)电子数据
(五)证人证言；
(六)当事人的陈述；
(七)鉴定意见；
(八)勘验笔录、现场笔录。
以上证据经法庭审查属实，才能作为认定案件事实的根据。
Chapter V: Evidence
Article 33: Evidence includes:
(1) documentary evidence;
(2) physical evidence;
(3) audio-visual materials;
(4) electronic data;
(5) witness testimony;
(6) the statements of the parties;
(7) evaluation opinions;
(8) Inquest records, and on-scene records.
The evidence above must be verified as true in court before it can be used as the basis for determining the facts of the case.
第三十四条 被告对作出的行政行为负有举证责任，应当提供作出该行政行为的证据和所依据的规范性文件。
被告不提供或者无正当理由逾期提供证据，视为没有相应证据。但是，被诉行政行为涉及第三人合法权益，第三人提供证据的除外。
Article 34: The defendant shall have the burden of presenting evidence on administrative acts it has taken and shall provide the evidence and normative documents on which taking the administrative act was based.
If defendants do not produce evidence, or delay production without legitimate reason, it will be found that there is no relevant evidence However, where a third party's lawful rights and interests are involved in the administrative actions, this does not include evidence provided by the third party.
第三十五条 在诉讼过程中，被告及其诉讼代理人不得自行向原告、第三人和证人收集证据。
第三十六条 被告在作出行政行为时已经收集了证据，但因不可抗力等正当事由不能提供的，经人民法院准许，可以延期提供。
原告或者第三人提出了其在行政处理程序中没有提出的理由或者证据的，经人民法院准许，被告可以补充证据。
第三十七条 原告可以提供证明行政行为违法的证据。原告提供的证据不成立的，不免除被告的举证责任。
Article 35: In the course of the lawsuit, the defendants and their legally-designated representatives must not themselves collect evidence from the plaintiff, third persons or witnesses.
Article 36: Where the defendant had already gathered evidence when it took the administrative action, but due to force majeure or other legitimate reasons cannot provide it, the period for provision may be extended upon permission of the people's court.
Where the plaintiff or a third-party submits reasoning or evidence that was not raised during the administrative disposition procedures, upon getting the permission of the people's court.the defendant may supplement evidence.
Article 37: The plaintiff may provide evidence showing that an administrative act was unlawful. Where the evidence provided by the plaintiff is not sustained, this does not waive the defendants' responsibility to present evidence.
第三十八条 在起诉被告不履行法定职责的案件中，原告应当提供其向被告提出申请的证据。但有下列情形之一的除外：
(一)被告应当依职权主动履行法定职责的；
(二)原告因正当理由不能提供证据的。
在行政赔偿、补偿的案件中，原告应当对行政行为造成的损害提供证据。因被告的原因导致原告无法举证的，由被告承担举证责任。
Article 38: In cases raised about the defendants not performing legally prescribed duties, the plaintiff shall provide evidence of the request he submitted to the defendant. However, there is an exception in any of the following situations:
(1) where the defendant should proactively perform a statutory duty in accordance with the powers of its office；
(2) Where the plaintiff has a legitimate reason for being unable to provide evidence.
During cases of administrative compensation or subsidies, the plaintiff shall provide evidences showing the damage caused by the administrative action. Where the defendant has caused the plaintiff to be unable to provide evidence, the burden of proof shall fall upon the defendant.
第三十九条 人民法院有权要求当事人提供或者补充证据。
第四十条 人民法院有权向有关行政机关以及其他组织、公民调取证据。但是，不得为证明行政行为的合法性调取被告作出行政行为时未收集的证据。
Article 39: People's courts have the right to request the parties provide or supplement evidence.
Article 40: People's courts have the right to collect evidence from relevant administrative organs, as well as other organizations and citizens. However, they must not collect evidence not gathered at the time the administrative act was take, for the purpose of proving the legality of the administrative act.
第四十一条 与本案有关的下列证据，原告或者第三人不能自行收集的，可以申请人民法院调取：
(一)由国家机关保存而须由人民法院调取的证据；
(二)涉及国家秘密、商业秘密和个人隐私的证据；
(三)确因客观原因不能自行收集的其他证据。
Article 41: Where the following evidence is related to a case, and the plaintiff or a third party cannot collect it of their own volition, they may request the people's court to collect it：
(1) evidence that is kept by government organs and needs to be collected by the people's court；
(2) evidence that touches on state secrets, commercial secrets and personal privacy；
(3) Other evidence that they truly cannot gather by themselves for objective reasons.
第四十二条 在证据可能灭失或者以后难以取得的情况下，诉讼参加人可以向人民法院申请保全证据，人民法院也可以主动采取保全措施。
第四十三条 证据应当在法庭上出示，并由当事人互相质证。对涉及国家秘密、商业秘密和个人隐私的证据，不得在公开开庭时出示。
人民法院应当按照法定程序，全面、客观地审查核实证据。对未采纳的证据应当在裁判文书中说明理由。
以非法手段取得的证据，不得作为认定案件事实的根据。
Article 42: In circumstances where evidence might be destroyed or lost or difficult to obtain later on, litigation participants may apply to the people's court to preserve the evidience, and the people's court may also proactively take measures to preserve such evidence.
Article 43: Evidence shall be presented in court, and examined by the parties. Evidence that touches upon state secrets, commercial secrets and personal privacy must not be presented in public court sessions.
People's courts shall follow the statutory procedures to comprehensively and objectively review and verify evidence. An explanation of shall be given in the judgment opinion where evidence was not accepted.
Evidence acquired by illegal means must not serve as the basis for determining the case facts.
第六章 起诉和受理
第四十四条 对属于人民法院受案范围的行政案件，公民、法人或者其他组织可以先向行政机关申请复议，对复议决定不服的，再向人民法院提起诉讼；也可以直接向人民法院提起诉讼。
法律、法规规定应当先向行政机关申请复议，对复议决定不服再向人民法院提起诉讼的，依照法律、法规的规定。
Chapter VI: Raising and Accepting Cases
Article 44: For administrative cases within the scope of those accepted by people's courts, citizens, legal persons or other organizations may first apply to the administrative organ or a reconsideration and then raise a lawsuit before a people's court if not satisfied with the reconsideration decision; citizens, legal persons or other organizations may also directly bring a lawsuit before a people's court.
Where laws or regulations provide that a reconsideration shall first be requested from an administrative organ and then raise a lawsuit before a people's court if not satisfied with the reconsideration decision, follow the provisions of the laws or regulations.
第四十五条 公民、法人或者其他组织不服复议决定的，可以在收到复议决定书之日起十五日内向人民法院提起诉讼。复议机关逾期不作决定的，申请人可以在复议期满之日起十五日内向人民法院提起诉讼。法律另有规定的除外。
第四十六条 公民、法人或者其他组织直接向人民法院提起诉讼的，应当自知道或者应当知道作出行政行为之日起六个月内提出。法律另有规定的除外。
因不动产提起诉讼的案件自行政行为作出之日起超过二十年，其他案件自行政行为作出之日起超过五年提起诉讼的，人民法院不予受理。
Article 45: Citizens, legal persons or other organizations who do not accept a reconsideration decision may bring a lawsuit before a people's court within 15 days from the day they receive the reconsideration decision. If the reconsidering organ fails to make a decision within the time limit, the applicant may bring a suit before a people's court within 15 days after the time limit for reconsideration expires. Except as otherwise provided for by law.
Article 46: Where citizens, legal persons or other organizations choose to directly initiate an action before a people's court, it shall be done within six months from when it was learned or should have been learned that the administrative act was taken. Except as otherwise provided for by law.
People's courts will not accept cases arising over immovable property more than twenty years from the administrative act, and other cases more than five years after the administrative act was taken.
第四十七条 公民、法人或者其他组织申请行政机关履行保护其人身权、财产权等合法权益的法定职责，行政机关在接到申请之日起两个月内不履行的，公民、法人或者其他组织可以向人民法院提起诉讼。法律、法规对行政机关履行职责的期限另有规定的，从其规定。
公民、法人或者其他组织在紧急情况下请求行政机关履行保护其人身权、财产权等合法权益的法定职责，行政机关不履行的，提起诉讼不受前款规定期限的限制。
第四十八条 公民、法人或者其他组织因不可抗力或者其他不属于自身的原因耽误起诉期限的，被耽误的时间不计算在起诉期限内。
公民、法人或者其他组织因前款规定以外的其他特殊情况耽误起诉期限的，在障碍消除后十日内，可以申请延长期限，是否准许由人民法院决定。
Article 47: Where citizens, legal persons or other organizations file an application with an administrative organ for it to perform its statutory duty of protecting his or its legitimate rights and interests, such as rights in person or property, but the administrative organ does not perform the duty within two months after receipt of the application, the citizen, legal person or other organization may bring a suit before a people’s court. Where laws and regulations provide other time limits for administrative organs to perform their duties, those provisions control.
The previous paragraph's time limit for raising a lawsuit does not apply where citizens, legal persons or other organizations in an emergency situation request that an administrative organ perform its statutory duty to protect their rights in person or property but the administrative organ does not do so.
Article 48: Where citizens, legal persons or other organizations delay the time limit for filing suit due to force majeure or other reasons unrelated to them, the time delay is not included in the time limits for filing suit.
Where citizens, legal persons or other organizations delay the time period due to special circumstances other than those mentioned in the preceding paragraph, they may apply for an extension of the time period within 10 days of the impediment clearing, the people's court decides whether to approve.
第四十九条 提起诉讼应当符合下列条件：
(一)原告是符合本法第二十五条规定的公民、法人或者其他组织；
(二)有明确的被告；
(三)有具体的诉讼请求和事实根据；
(四)属于人民法院受案范围和受诉人民法院管辖。
Article 49: The following requirements shall be met when bringing a lawsuit：
(1) the plaintiff is a citizen, legal person or other organization meeting the requirements provided in article 25 of this law；
(2) there is a clear defendant；
(3) there are specific litigation demands and factual evidence；
(4) is within the scope of cases accepted by the people's courts and the jurisdiction of the people's court accepting it.
第五十条 起诉应当向人民法院递交起诉状，并按照被告人数提出副本。
书写起诉状确有困难的，可以口头起诉，由人民法院记入笔录，出具注明日期的书面凭证，并告知对方当事人。
第五十一条 人民法院在接到起诉状时对符合本法规定的起诉条件的，应当登记立案。
对当场不能判定是否符合本法规定的起诉条件的，应当接收起诉状，出具注明收到日期的书面凭证，并在七日内决定是否立案。不符合起诉条件的，作出不予立案的裁定。裁定书应当载明不予立案的理由。原告对裁定不服的，可以提起上诉。
起诉状内容欠缺或者有其他错误的，应当给予指导和释明，并一次性告知当事人需要补正的内容。不得未经指导和释明即以起诉不符合条件为由不接收起诉状。
对于不接收起诉状、接收起诉状后不出具书面凭证，以及不一次性告知当事人需要补正的起诉状内容的，当事人可以向上级人民法院投诉，上级人民法院应当责令改正，并对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员依法给予处分。
Article 50: A Complaint shall be submitted to the people's court when bringing suit, with the number of copies corresponding the the number of defendants.
Where there is truly difficulty in writing out a Complaint, suit may be brought orally, and the people's courts' clerk will make a record, and issue a written certificate indicating the date, and inform the opposing party.
Article 51: When people's courts receive a Complaint meeting the requirements of this law for initiating litigation, they shall register and file it.
Where it cannot be decided on the spot whether it meets the requirements for initiating litigation, a complaint shall be received, a written receipt given indicating the date it was received issued, and a decision on whether to file the case made within 7 days. Where the requirements for initiating litigation are not met, a decision is made to not file the case. The decision document shall clearly indicate the grounds for not filing the case. Where the plaintiff is unsatisfied with the ruling, they may file an appeal.
Where a complaint is incomplete in content or has other errors, the people’s court shall provide guidance and explanations, and give one-time notice for the party to supplement and make corrections. Where a complaint is incomplete in content or has other errors, the people’s court shall provide guidance and explanations, and give one-time notice for the party to supplement and make corrections. The people’s courts must not use the grounds that the complaint does not meet requirements to not take a complaint without first having given guidance and making explanations.
To address the non-receipt of complaints, or the failure to issue the written confirmation after receipt as well as not giving the parties one time notice that they need supplement the content of the complaint or correct any error contained therein, the party may complain to a higher people’s court, which shall order corrections and punish the principle responsible personnel and other directly responsible persons in accordance with law.
第五十二条 人民法院既不立案，又不作出不予立案裁定的，当事人可以向上一级人民法院起诉。上一级人民法院认为符合起诉条件的，应当立案、审理，也可以指定其他下级人民法院立案、审理。
第五十三条 公民、法人或者其他组织认为行政行为所依据的国务院部门和地方人民政府及其部门制定的规范性文件不合法，在对行政行为提起诉讼时，可以一并请求对该规范性文件进行审查。
前款规定的规范性文件不含规章。
Article 52: Where the people’s court neither files the case nor issues a written ruling on not filing, the party may bring a suit before the people’s court at the level above. Where the court above finds that the requirements for bringing suit are met, it will file and hear the case or it may designate another lower people’s court to file and hear the case.
Article 53: Citizens, legal persons or other organizations feeling that a state council department's or local people's government or it's departments' normative document on which an administrative was based is unlawful, they may a review of the normative document when they raise a lawsuit over the administrative act.
Normative documents as provided for in the preceding paragraph does not include rules.
第七章 审理和判决
第一节 一般规定
第五十四条 人民法院公开审理行政案件，但涉及国家秘密、个人隐私和法律另有规定的除外。
涉及商业秘密的案件，当事人申请不公开审理的，可以不公开审理。
Chapter VII: Trial and Judgment
Section 1: Ordinary Provisions
Article 54: Administrative cases in the people's courts shall be tried in public, except for those that involve state secrets or the private affairs of individuals, or are otherwise provided for by law.
Cases that involve trade secrets may be tried in private where the party applies for a private hearing.
第五十五条 当事人认为审判人员与本案有利害关系或者有其他关系可能影响公正审判，有权申请审判人员回避。
审判人员认为自己与本案有利害关系或者有其他关系，应当申请回避。
前两款规定，适用于书记员、翻译人员、鉴定人、勘验人。
院长担任审判长时的回避，由审判委员会决定；审判人员的回避，由院长决定；其他人员的回避，由审判长决定。当事人对决定不服的，可以申请复议一次。
Article 55: Parties feeling that a adjudicators have an interest in the case or have another relation to it, which may affect the fair handling of the case, they have the right to demand the recusal of the judicial personnel.
Adjudicators who feel they have an interest in the case or another relation to it, shall apply for recusal.
The provisions of the two preceding paragraphs apply to clerks, interpreters, expert evaluators and persons who conduct inquests.
The recusal of the court president as the presiding judge is decided on by the adjudication committee; the recusal of an adjudicator is decided by the court president; the recusal of other personnel is decided by the presiding judge. Any party not accepting the decision may apply once for a reconsideration.
第五十六条 诉讼期间，不停止行政行为的执行。但有下列情形之一的，裁定停止执行：
(一)被告认为需要停止执行的；
(二)原告或者利害关系人申请停止执行，人民法院认为该行政行为的执行会造成难以弥补的损失，并且停止执行不损害国家利益、社会公共利益的；
(三)人民法院认为该行政行为的执行会给国家利益、社会公共利益造成重大损害的；
(四)法律、法规规定停止执行的。
当事人对停止执行或者不停止执行的裁定不服的，可以申请复议一次。
Article 56: During litigation, the enforcement of the administrative act does not stop. But, in any of the following situations, rule to stop the the enforcement of the administrative act:
(1) The defendant feels enforcement needs to stop;
(2) the plaintiff applies for enforcement to be stopped, and the people's court finds that enforcement of the administrative act will cause irremediable losses, and stopping enforcement will not harm state or public interests;
(3) the people's court finds that undertaking the administrative act will cause a major harm to national interests or to the social public interests；
(4) laws or regulations provide for the enforcement to be stopped.
Where a party does not accept a ruling to stop enforcement or not stop enforcement, it may apply for a reconsideration one time.
第五十七条 人民法院对起诉行政机关没有依法支付抚恤金、最低生活保障金和工伤、医疗社会保险金的案件，权利义务关系明确、不先予执行将严重影响原告生活的，可以根据原告的申请，裁定先予执行。
当事人对先予执行裁定不服的，可以申请复议一次。复议期间不停止裁定的执行。
第五十八条 经人民法院传票传唤，原告无正当理由拒不到庭，或者未经法庭许可中途退庭的，可以按照撤诉处理；被告无正当理由拒不到庭，或者未经法庭许可中途退庭的，可以缺席判决。
Article 57: In cases where an administrative organ is sued for failing to pay a survivor's pension, minimum living subsidies and workers' compensation or medical or social insurance in accordance with law, and where the connection of rights and obligations is clear and the plaintiff's lives will be seriously impacted if advance enforcement is not made, a people’s court may rule for advance enforcement in accordance with the plaintiff's request.
Where a party is unsatisfied with a ruling for advanced enforcement, it may apply for reconsideration one time. The enforcement of the ruling does not stop during the period of reconsideration.
Article 58: Where upon a people's court's summons, a plaintiff refuses to appear in court without a legitimate reason, or leaves without the permission of the court, this may be treated as awithdrawal of the lawsuit; if a defendant refuses to appear in court without a legitimate reason or leaves without the permission of the court, it may be ruled a default
第五十九条 诉讼参与人或者其他人有下列行为之一的，人民法院可以根据情节轻重，予以训诫、责令具结悔过或者处一万元以下的罚款、十五日以下的拘留；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任：
(一)有义务协助调查、执行的人，对人民法院的协助调查决定、协助执行通知书，无故推拖、拒绝或者妨碍调查、执行的；
(二)伪造、隐藏、毁灭证据或者提供虚假证明材料，妨碍人民法院审理案件的；
(三)指使、贿买、胁迫他人作伪证或者威胁、阻止证人作证的；
(四)隐藏、转移、变卖、毁损已被查封、扣押、冻结的财产的；
(五)以欺骗、胁迫等非法手段使原告撤诉的；
(六)以暴力、威胁或者其他方法阻碍人民法院工作人员执行职务，或者以哄闹、冲击法庭等方法扰乱人民法院工作秩序的；
(七)对人民法院审判人员或者其他工作人员、诉讼参与人、协助调查和执行的人员恐吓、侮辱、诽谤、诬陷、殴打、围攻或者打击报复的。
人民法院对有前款规定的行为之一的单位，可以对其主要负责人或者直接责任人员依照前款规定予以罚款、拘留；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
罚款、拘留须经人民法院院长批准。当事人不服的，可以向上一级人民法院申请复议一次。复议期间不停止执行。
Article 59: Where litigation participants or other persons commit any of the following acts, the people's court may, according to the seriousness of the circumstances, give him a reprimand, order him to sign a statement of repentance or impose a fine of up to 10,000 yuan, or detain him or her for a period of up to 15 days; where is constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility shall be pursued in accordance with law:
(1) Persons with an obligation to assist in investigation or enforcement, delay without reason, refuse to enforce or impede the investigation or enforcement of a people's courts' decision to assist investigation or notice of enforcement assistance;
(2) fabricating, concealing, or destroying evidence, or providing false evidentiary materials, impeding the people's court's trial of a case.
(3) instigating, bribing or coercing others to give false testimony or threatening and obstructing witnesses from giving testimony;
(4) concealing, transferring, selling or destroying property that has been sealed, seized or frozen;
(5) Causing the plaintiff to withdraw a lawsuit by deceit, coercion or other illegal methods;
(6) using violence, coercion or other means to obstruct the personnel of a people's court from performing their duties, or disturbing the order of a people's court by means such as causing a ruckus or charging the court;
(7) Frightening, insulting, defaming, framing, beating or besieging or retaliating against the people's courts' adjudicators or other personnel, litigation participants, or personnel who assist in the investigation and enforcement.
People's courts may fine or detain the person with principle responsibility or other directly responsible persons at a work unit exhibiting any of the conduct in the preceding paragraph, and where it constitutions a crime, pursue them for criminal responsibility in accordance with law.
Fines or detention must be approved by the president of the people's court. Where a party is unpersuaded, it may apply for a reconsideration to the people's court at the level above one time. Implementation does not stop during the period of reconsideration.
第六十条 人民法院审理行政案件，不适用调解。但是，行政赔偿、补偿以及行政机关行使法律、法规规定的自由裁量权的案件可以调解。
调解应当遵循自愿、合法原则，不得损害国家利益、社会公共利益和他人合法权益。
第六十一条 在涉及行政许可、登记、征收、征用和行政机关对民事争议所作的裁决的行政诉讼中，当事人申请一并解决相关民事争议的，人民法院可以一并审理。
在行政诉讼中，人民法院认为行政案件的审理需以民事诉讼的裁判为依据的，可以裁定中止行政诉讼。
Article 60: People's courts hearing administrative cases do not apply mediation. People's courts hearing administrative cases do not apply mediation. However, cases of administrative compensation or subsidiaries and cases where exercise discretion provided for by laws or regulations, may be mediated.
Mediation shall abide by the principles of voluntariness and lawfulness and must not harm the national interest, societal public interest or other lawful rights and interests.
Article 61: In administrative litigation involving administrative licensing, registration, expropriation and administrative organs rulings on civil disputes, and parties apply to have the civil dispute resolved together, the people's court may hear them together.
Where in an administrative lawsuit a people's court finds that trial of an administrative case requires a ruling in a civil suit as its basis, it may rule to suspend the administrative lawsuit.
第六十二条 人民法院对行政案件宣告判决或者裁定前，原告申请撤诉的，或者被告改变其所作的行政行为，原告同意并申请撤诉的，是否准许，由人民法院裁定。
第六十三条 人民法院审理行政案件，以法律和行政法规、地方性法规为依据。地方性法规适用于本行政区域内发生的行政案件。
人民法院审理民族自治地方的行政案件，并以该民族自治地方的自治条例和单行条例为依据。
人民法院审理行政案件，参照规章。
Article 62: Where before a people's court announces the judgment or ruling in an administrative case, the plaintiff applies to withdraw the suit, or if the defendant changes the administrative act and the plaintiff agrees and applies to withdraw the suit, the people's court rules on whether or not to grant approval.
Article 63: People's courts hear administrative cases on the basis of laws, administrative regulations and local regulations. Local regulations apply to administrative cases occurring within that administrative region.
People's courts trying administrative cases from ethnic autonomous regions also have that ethnic autonomous region's autonomy regulations and specific regulations of the national autonomous area as their basis.
People's courts consult rules in handling administrative cases.
第六十四条 人民法院在审理行政案件中，经审查认为本法第五十三条规定的规范性文件不合法的，不作为认定行政行为合法的依据，并向制定机关提出处理建议。
第六十五条 人民法院应当公开发生法律效力的判决书、裁定书，供公众查阅，但涉及国家秘密、商业秘密和个人隐私的内容除外。
Article 64: Where during people's courts' hearing of administrative cases it is found upon review that normative document is not lawful as provided for in article 53 of this law, it will not be a basis for determining that an administrative act was lawful, and a recommendation will be issued to the drafting organ.
Article 65: People's courts shall disclose judgment opinions and ruling that have taken legal effect, for the public to read, except for those with content touching upon state secrets, commercial secrets or personal privacy.
第六十六条 人民法院在审理行政案件中，认为行政机关的主管人员、直接责任人员违法违纪的，应当将有关材料移送监察机关、该行政机关或者其上一级行政机关；认为有犯罪行为的，应当将有关材料移送公安、检察机关。
人民法院对被告经传票传唤无正当理由拒不到庭，或者未经法庭许可中途退庭的，可以将被告拒不到庭或者中途退庭的情况予以公告，并可以向监察机关或者被告的上一级行政机关提出依法给予其主要负责人或者直接责任人员处分的司法建议。
Article 66: Where, in trying an administrative case, a people's court finds that the head of an administrative organ or persons with direct responsibility have violated laws or discipline, it shall transfer the relevant materials to the inspection organs, the administrative organ, or to the administrative organ at the next higher level; where finding that there is criminal conduct, the relevant materials shall be transferred to the public security and procuratorial organs.
Where defendants who have been subpoenaed refuse to appear in court without legitimate reasons or leave court mid-trial without the courts permission, the people's court may public announce their refusal to appear at court or leaving court mid-trial, and may make a judicial recommendation to the procuratorate or the administrative organ at the level above to sanction the principle responsible parties or directly responsible parties.
第二节 第一审普通程序
第六十七条 人民法院应当在立案之日起五日内，将起诉状副本发送被告。被告应当在收到起诉状副本之日起十五日内向人民法院提交作出行政行为的证据和所依据的规范性文件，并提出答辩状。人民法院应当在收到答辩状之日起五日内，将答辩状副本发送原告。
被告不提出答辩状的，不影响人民法院审理。
Section 2: Ordinary First-Instance Trial Procedures
Article 67: People's courts shall, within five days after filing a case, send a copy of the Complaint to the defendant. he defendant shall, within 15 days of receiving the copy of the Complaint, submit to the people's court the evidence for taking the administrative act and the normative documents on which it was based and submit a Response. The people's court shall send a copy of the Response to the plaintiff within five days of receiving it.
Defendants' failure to submit a Response does not affect the trial of the case by the people's court.
第六十八条 人民法院审理行政案件，由审判员组成合议庭，或者由审判员、陪审员组成合议庭。合议庭的成员，应当是三人以上的单数。
第六十九条 行政行为证据确凿，适用法律、法规正确，符合法定程序的，或者原告申请被告履行法定职责或者给付义务理由不成立的，人民法院判决驳回原告的诉讼请求。
Article 68: People's court hearing administrative cases, form a collegial panel of judges or of judges and assessors. The collegial panel shall have an odd number members, greater than three.
Article 69: Where the evidence for a administrative act was solid, the laws and regulations applied correctly, and statutory procedures were met, or where the plaintiff's grounds for requesting the defendant perform a legally prescribed duty or payment obligation is not established, the people's court rules to reject the plaintiff's claim.
第七十条 行政行为有下列情形之一的，人民法院判决撤销或者部分撤销，并可以判决被告重新作出行政行为：
(一)主要证据不足的；
(二)适用法律、法规错误的；
(三)违反法定程序的；
(四)超越职权的；
(五)滥用职权的；
(六)明显不当的。
Article 70: Where a administrative act has any of the following situations , the people's court will rule to revoke or revoke in part, and may also rule for the defendant to again take the administrative act:
(1) the principle evidence is insufficient；
(2) the law or regulations were applied incorrectly；
(3) violated legally prescribed procedures;
(4) Exceeded powers of office；
(5) abused authority;
(6) clearly improper.
第七十一条 人民法院判决被告重新作出行政行为的，被告不得以同一的事实和理由作出与原行政行为基本相同的行政行为。
第七十二条 人民法院经过审理，查明被告不履行法定职责的，判决被告在一定期限内履行。
第七十三条 人民法院经过审理，查明被告依法负有给付义务的，判决被告履行给付义务。
Article 71: Where people's courts make a judgement for the defendant to newly make administrative acts, the defendant must not make administrative acts essentially similar to the original administrative acts on the same facts and reasoning.
Article 72: Where through trial, a people's court ascertain that the defendant has not performed of a legally prescribed duty, rule that the defendant must perform within a fixed time period.
Article 73: Where people's courts ascertain through trial that a defendant has a payment obligation in accordance with law, rule for the defendant to fulfill the payment obligation.
第七十四条 行政行为有下列情形之一的，人民法院判决确认违法，但不撤销行政行为：
(一)行政行为依法应当撤销，但撤销会给国家利益、社会公共利益造成重大损害的；
(二)行政行为程序轻微违法，但对原告权利不产生实际影响的。
行政行为有下列情形之一，不需要撤销或者判决履行的，人民法院判决确认违法：
(一)行政行为违法，但不具有可撤销内容的；
(二)被告改变原违法行政行为，原告仍要求确认原行政行为违法的；
(三)被告不履行或者拖延履行法定职责，判决履行没有意义的。
Article 74: In any of the following circumstances, people's court's make a judgment confirming illegality, but not revoking the administrative act:
(1) According to law, the administrative act shall be revoked, but the revocation thereof will cause significant harm to national interests or interests of the societal public;
(2) The administrative action's procedures were slightly unlawful, but did not cause actual impact on the rights of the plaintiff.
Where an administrative act has any of the following situations and it is not necessary to revoke the act or make a judgment for performance, the people's courts will rule confirming the unlawfulness:
(1) The administrative act is unlawful , but there is no revocable content;
(2) The defendant changes the originally unlawful administrative act, and the plaintiff still requests a confirmation that the original administrative act was unlawful;
(3) The defendant does not perform or delays performance of a legally prescribed duty, and a judgment for performance would be meaningless.
第七十五条 行政行为有实施主体不具有行政主体资格或者没有依据等重大且明显违法情形，原告申请确认行政行为无效的，人民法院判决确认无效。
第七十六条 人民法院判决确认违法或者无效的，可以同时判决责令被告采取补救措施；给原告造成损失的，依法判决被告承担赔偿责任。
第七十七条 行政处罚明显不当，或者其他行政行为涉及对款额的确定、认定确有错误的，人民法院可以判决变更。
人民法院判决变更，不得加重原告的义务或者减损原告的权益。但利害关系人同为原告，且诉讼请求相反的除外。
Article 75: The judgment of the people's court will be invalidated if the plaintiff applies to have an administrative action recognized as invalid due to the action being executed by an entity which is not a qualified administrative entity, the action lacking basis, or other significant and obviously illegal circumstances.
Article 76: Where people's courts make a judgment confirming illegality or invalidity, they may make a judgment ordering the defendant to adopt remedial measures at the same time; where harm was caused to the plaintiff make a judgment that the defendant bears responsibility for compensation in accordance with law.
Article 77: Where an administrative punishment is manifestly improper, or other administrative acts confirmation or determination of dollar amounts is clearly in error, the people's courts may make a judgment to modify it.
Modification of a people's court's judgment must not increase the plaintiff's obligations or decrease the plaintiff's rights and interests. Except, however, where an interested party is also a plaintiff with opposite claims.
第七十八条 被告不依法履行、未按照约定履行或者违法变更、解除本法第十二条第一款第十一项规定的协议的，人民法院判决被告承担继续履行、采取补救措施或者赔偿损失等责任。
被告变更、解除本法第十二条第一款第十一项规定的协议合法，但未依法给予补偿的，人民法院判决给予补偿。
第七十九条 复议机关与作出原行政行为的行政机关为共同被告的案件，人民法院应当对复议决定和原行政行为一并作出裁判。
Article 78: Where the defendant does not perform on, does not perform as agreed on, or modifies or ends an agreement provided for in article 12 paragraph 1 item 11; the people's court make a judgment that the defendant has responsibilities such as to continue performance, adopt remedial measures, or compensate damages.
Where the defendant's modification or ending of an agreement provided for in article 12 paragraph one item 11 of this law was legal, but they failed to give compensation, the people's court will make a judgment for compensation.
Article 79: In cases where the reconsideration organ and the administrative organ that made the original administrative act are joint defendants, people's courts shall make rulings on the reconsideration decision and the original administrative act together.
第八十条 人民法院对公开审理和不公开审理的案件，一律公开宣告判决。
当庭宣判的，应当在十日内发送判决书；定期宣判的，宣判后立即发给判决书。
宣告判决时，必须告知当事人上诉权利、上诉期限和上诉的人民法院。
第八十一条 人民法院应当在立案之日起六个月内作出第一审判决。有特殊情况需要延长的，由高级人民法院批准，高级人民法院审理第一审案件需要延长的，由最高人民法院批准。
Article 80: Cases publicly and privately tried by the people's courts will all ,without exception, have the judgment announced publicly.
Where the judgment is announced in court, the written judgment opinion shall be sent within 10 days; where judgment is made at a fixed time, the written judgment opinion is sent immediately following the announcement.
When announcing a judgment, parties must be informed of their right to appeal, the period for appeal and the people's court for appeals.
Article 81: The people's court shall make a first-instance judgment within six months from the day of filing the case. Where special circumstances require an extension, it is approved by a high people's court; where an extension is needed in a first-instance case tried by a high people's court, it is approved by the Supreme People's Court.
第三节 简易程序
第八十二条 人民法院审理下列第一审行政案件，认为事实清楚、权利义务关系明确、争议不大的，可以适用简易程序：
(一) 被诉行政行为是依法当场作出的；
(二) 案件涉及款额二千元以下的；
(三) 属于政府信息公开案件的。
除前款规定以外的第一审行政案件，当事人各方同意适用简易程序的，可以适用简易程序。
发回重审、按照审判监督程序再审的案件不适用简易程序。
Section 3: Summary Procedures
Article 82: Where people's courts hearing any of the following first-instance administrative cases, find that the facts are clear. the rights and obligations clear, and the controversy is not large, they may apply simplified procedures:
(1) The challenged executive action was made on the spot in accordance with law;
(2) The amount involved in the case is less than 2000 yuan；
(3) It is a government information disclosure case.
In addition to the first-instance administrative cases provided for above, simplified procedures may be applied where all parties agree to apply the simplified procedures.
Remands for new trial and retrials in accordance with trial supervision do not apply the simplified procedures.
第八十三条 适用简易程序审理的行政案件，由审判员一人独任审理，并应当在立案之日起四十五日内审结。
第八十四条 人民法院在审理过程中，发现案件不宜适用简易程序的，裁定转为普通程序。
Article 83: A single judge will handle administrative cases that apply the simplified procedures, and a judgment should be reached within forty five days from the day of filing the case.
Article 84: Peoples courts discovering in the course of trial that the case is unsuitable for applying the simplified procedures rule to change it to ordinary procedures.
第四节 第二审程序
第八十五条 当事人不服人民法院第一审判决的，有权在判决书送达之日起十五日内向上一级人民法院提起上诉。当事人不服人民法院第一审裁定的，有权在裁定书送达之日起十日内向上一级人民法院提起上诉。逾期不提起上诉的，人民法院的第一审判决或者裁定发生法律效力。
Section 4: Second-instance Trial Procedures
Article 85: Where a party does not accept a people's court's first-instance judgment , it has the right to file an appeal with the people's court at the level above within 15 days after the service of the written judgment opinion. Where a party does not accept a people's court's first-instance ruling , it has the right to file an appeal with the people's court at the level above within 10 days after the service of the written ruling. Where no timely appeal is raised, the first-instance judgment or ruling of the people's court shall take legal effect.
第八十六条 人民法院对上诉案件，应当组成合议庭，开庭审理。经过阅卷、调查和询问当事人，对没有提出新的事实、证据或者理由，合议庭认为不需要开庭审理的，也可以不开庭审理。
第八十七条 人民法院审理上诉案件，应当对原审人民法院的判决、裁定和被诉行政行为进行全面审查。
第八十八条 人民法院审理上诉案件，应当在收到上诉状之日起三个月内作出终审判决。有特殊情况需要延长的，由高级人民法院批准，高级人民法院审理上诉案件需要延长的，由最高人民法院批准。
Article 86: For appeals cases, people's courts shall form a collegial panel and hold in-court trial sessions. Where upon review of the case file, investigation and questioning the parties, the people's court may decide not to hold in-court trial sessions where no new facts, evidence or reasoning has been submitted and the collegial panel feels it is not necessary to hold in-court proceedings.
Article 87: People's courts trying appeals cases shall conduct a comprehensive review of the original people's court's judgment or ruling and shall the challenged administrative acts.
Article 88: People's courts hearing appeals cases shall make a final judgment within three months from the day of receiving the appeal. Where an extension of the time limit is necessary due to special circumstances, the high people's court approves it; where an extension of the time limit for handling an appeals case by a higher people's court is necessary, the Supreme People's Court approves it.
第八十九条 人民法院审上诉案件，按照下列情形，分别处理：
(一) 原判决、裁定认定事实清楚，适用法律、法规正确的，判决或者裁定驳回上诉，维持原判决、裁定；
(二) 原判决、裁定认定事实错误或者适用法律、法规错误的，依法改判、撤销或者变更；
(三) 原判决认定基本事实不清、证据不足的，发回原审人民法院重审，或者查清事实后改判。
(四) 原判决遗漏当事人或者违法缺席判决等严重违反法定程序的，裁定撤销原判决，发回原审人民法院重审。
原审人民法院对发回重审的案件作出判决后，当事人提起上诉的，第二审人民法院不得再次发回重审。
人民法院审理上诉案件，需要改变原审判决的，应当同时对被诉行政行为作出判决。
Article 89: People's courts hearing appellate cases, handle them distinctly according to the following situations:
(1) Where the ascertained facts are clear and the laws and regulations correctly applied in the original judgment or ruling, a judgment or ruling is made that the appeal is rejected and the original judgment or ruling shall be upheld;
(2) Where there is an error in the ascertained facts or the law and regulations are incorrectly applied in the original judgment or ruling, the judgment shall be amended, revoked or modified according to law;
(3) Where the fundamental facts ascertained are unclear or the evidence insufficient in the original judgment, remand to the original people's court for a new trial or change the judgment after reviewing and clarifying the facts;
(4) Where the original judgment had serious violations of statutory procedures such as omitting a party or not allowing attendance at a meeting, rule to revoke the original judgment and remand to the original people's court for new trial.
Where after the original people's court issues a judgment on a case remanded for new trial, a party raises an appeal, the second-instance court must not remand for new trial again.
Where people's courts trying appeals cases need to change the original tiral judgment, they shall make a judgment on the challenged administrative act at the same time.
第五节 审判监督程序
第九十条 当事人对已经发生法律效力的判决、裁定，认为确有错误的，可以向上一级人民法院申请再审，但判决、裁定不停止执行。
Section 5: Trial Supervision Procedures
Article 90: Where a party feels that a judgment or ruling which has already taken effect truly contains error, they may apply to the people's court at the level above for a new trial, but the enforcement of the judgment or ruling is not be suspended.
第九十一条 当事人的申请符合下列情形之一的，人民法院应当再审：
(一) 不予立案或者驳回起诉确有错误的；
(二) 有新的证据，足以推翻原判决、裁定的；
(三) 原判决、裁定认定事实的主要证据不足、未经质证或者系伪造的；
(四) 原判决、裁定适用法律、法规确有错误的；
(五) 违反法律规定的诉讼程序，可能影响公正审判的；
(六) 原判决、裁定遗漏诉讼请求的；
(七) 据以作出原判决、裁定的法律文书被撤销或者变更的；
(八) 审判人员在审理该案件时有贪污受贿、徇私舞弊、枉法裁判行为的。
Article 91: Where a party's application is eligible for one of the following situations, the people's courts shall have a retrial:
(1) where not filing or rejecting the lawsuit was in error;
(2) Where there is new evidence sufficient to overturn the original judgment or ruling;
(3) Where the principal evidence for ascertaining facts in the original judgment or ruling was insufficient, was not debated in court or was fabricated;
(4) Where the application of laws and regulations in the original judgment or ruling was truly incorrect;
(5) Where there were violations of legally provided procedures that might impact fair trial;
(6) The original judgment or ruling omitted a litigation demand;
(7) The legal documents on which the original judgment or ruling was based have been annulled or modified;
(8) While hearing the case, adjudicators were corrupt or took bribes, used acted for personal gain, or abused the law in a capricious and arbitrary manner.
第九十二条 各级人民法院院长对本院已经发生法律效力的判决、裁定，发现有本法第九十一条规定情形之一，或者发现调解违反自愿原则或者调解书内容违法，认为需要再审的，应当提交审判委员会讨论决定。
最高人民法院对地方各级人民法院已经发生法律效力的判决、裁定，上级人民法院对下级人民法院已经发生法律效力的判决、裁定，发现有本法第九十一条规定情形之一，或者发现调解违反自愿原则或者调解书内容违法的，有权提审或者指令下级人民法院再审。
Article 92: Where court presidents of any level of people's court discover any of the circumstances provided for in article 91 of this law in a judgement or ruling of that court which has already taken legal effect, or discover that mediation was contrary to the principle of voluntariness or that a mediation document has unlawful content, and feel that a retrial is necessary; they shall submit it to the adjudication committee for discussion and decision.
If the Supreme People’s Court finds any of the circumstances provided for in article 91 of this law or finds that mediation was involuntary or a mediation agreement is unlawful in the judgment or ruling of local people’s courts at any level that has already become legally effective, or a people's court at a higher level finds any error in the judgment or ruling of a people’s court at a lower level that has become legally effective, the Supreme People’s Court or the higher level people’s court has the right to bring up the case for trial by itself or direct the people's court at a lower level to retry the case.
第九十三条 最高人民检察院对各级人民法院已经发生法律效力的判决、裁定，上级人民检察院对人民法院已经发生法律效力的判决、裁定，发现有本法第九十一条规定情形之一，或者发现调解书损害国家利益、社会公共利益的，应当提出抗诉。
地方各级人民检察院对同级人民法院已经发生法律效力的判决、裁定，发现有本法第九十一条规定情形之一，或者发现调解书损害国家利益、社会公共利益的，可以向同级人民法院提出检察建议，并报上级人民检察院备案；也可以提请上级人民检察院向同级人民法院提出抗诉。
各级人民检察院对审判监督程序以外的其他审判程序中审判人员的违法行为，有权向同级人民法院提出检察建议。
Article 93: Where any of the circumstances provided for in Article 91 of this Law, or a mediation agreement that endangers national or societal public interests, is discovered by the Supreme People’s Procuratorate in a legally effective judgment or ruling of the any level of people’s court, or is dicovered by a people’s procuratorate at a higher level in the legally effective judgment or ruling of a people’s court at a lower level, they shall file a counter-appeal.
Where a local people's procuratorate at any level discovers that a legally effective judgment or ruling of the people's court at the same level has one of the situations provided in Article 91 or that its mediation document would endanger national or public interests, the procuratorate can submit its proposal to the people's court at that level and file it with the people's procuratorate at the next highest level. A request can be made to the people's procuratorate at the next highest level to lodge a counter suit with the people's court at that level.
People's procuratorates at all levels have the right to submit prosecutorial suggestions to the people's court at the same level regarding unlawful conduct of trial adjudication personnel in trial procedures that is outside the trial supervision procedures.
第八章 执行
第九十四条 当事人必须履行人民法院发生法律效力的判决、裁定、调解书。
第九十五条 公民、法人或者其他组织拒绝履行判决、裁定、调解书的，行政机关或者第三人可以向第一审人民法院申请强制执行，或者由行政机关依法强制执行。
Chapter VIII: Enforcement
Article 94: Parties must perform on effective judgments, rulings and mediation documents from the people's courts.
Article 95: If a citizen, legal person or other organization refuses to perform on the judgment, ruling or mediation document, the administrative organ or a third person may apply to the people's court of first-instance to compell enforcement or the administrative organ may proceed with compulsory enforcement in accordance with law.
第九十六条 行政机关拒绝履行判决、裁定、调解书的，第一审人民法院可以采取下列措施：
(一) 对应当归还的罚款或者应当给付的款额，通知银行从该行政机关的账户内划拨；
(二) 在规定期限内不履行的，从期满之日起，对该行政机关负责人按日处五十元至一百元的罚款；
(三) 将行政机关拒绝履行的情况予以公告；
(四) 向监察机关或者该行政机关的上一级行政机关提出司法建议。接受司法建议的机关，根据有关规定进行处理，并将处理情况告知人民法院；
(五) 拒不履行判决、裁定、调解书，社会影响恶劣的，可以对该行政机关直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员予以拘留；情节严重，构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
Article 96: Where administrative organs refuse to perform on a judgment, ruling, or mediation document, the people's court of first-instance may adopt the following measures:
(1) inform the bank to transfer from the administrative organ's account the amount that shall be returned or the damages that shall be paid;
(2) Where they have not performed within the time limits provided, fine the responsible party at the administrative organ 50-100 yuan per day, beginning on the day the period became completed.
(3) Publicly announce the administrative organ's refusal to perform;
(4) Submit a judicial recommendation to the procuratorate or the administrative organ at the level above this administrative organ. The organ that accepts the judicial proposal shall deal with the matter in accordance with the relevant provisions and inform the people's court of its disposition;
(5) Where refusal to perform on a judgment, ruling or mediation agreement has a repugnant social impact, the persons at the administrative organ with direct principle responsibility and other responsible persons may be take into custody, and where the circumstances are serious and a crime is constituted , be pursued for criminal liability in accordance with law.
第九十七条 公民、法人或者其他组织对行政行为在法定期间不提起诉讼又不履行的，行政机关可以申请人民法院强制执行，或者依法强制执行。
Article 97: Where citizens, legal persons or other organizations neither bring a lawsuit nor perform on a administrative act, the administrative organ may apply to a people's court for compulsory enforcement, or compel enforcement in accordance with law.
第十章 涉外行政诉讼
第九十八条 外国人、无国籍人、外国组织在中华人民共和国进行行政诉讼，适用本法。法律另有规定的除外。
Chapter IX: Administrative Litigation involving Foreign Interests
Article 98: This Law applies to foreign nationals, stateless persons, and foreign organizations that engage in administrative suits in the People's Republic of China. Except as otherwise provided for by law.
第九十九条 外国人、无国籍人、外国组织在中华人民共和国进行行政诉讼，同中华人民共和国公民、组织有同等的诉讼权利和义务。
外国法院对中华人民共和国公民、组织的行政诉讼权利加以限制的，人民法院对该国公民、组织的行政诉讼权利，实行对等原则。
第一百条 外国人、无国籍人、外国组织在中华人民共和国进行行政诉讼，委托律师代理诉讼的，应当委托中华人民共和国律师机构的律师。
Article 99: Foreign nationals, stateless persons, and foreign organizations that engaged in administrative litigation in the People's Republic of China shall have the same procedural rights and obligations as citizens and organizations of the People's Republic of China.
Should the courts of a foreign country impose restrictions on the administrative litigation rights of the citizens and organizations of the People's Republic of China, the Chinese people's courts shall follow the principle of reciprocity regarding the administrative litigation rights of the citizens and organizations of that foreign country.
Article 100: Where foreign nationals, stateless persons, and foreign organizations retain lawyers to conduct administrative litigation in the People's Republic of China, they shall retain lawyers of a lawyers organization of the People's Republic of China.
第十一章 附则
第一百零一条 人民法院审理行政案件，关于期间、送达、财产保全、开庭审理、调解、中止诉讼、终结诉讼、简易程序、执行等，以及人民检察院对行政案件受理、审理、裁判、执行的监督，本法没有规定的，适用《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》的相关规定。
Chapter X: Supplementary Provisions
Article 101: Where this law lacks provisions such as on the time limitations, service of documents, preservation of property, trial, meditation, stay of proceedings, halting proceedings, simplified procedures, and execution during the trial of administrative cases by people's courts, as well as those on the people's procuratorate's supervision of the acceptance, trial, judgment, and execution of these cases, the relevant provisions of the Civil Procedure Law shall be applied.
第一百零二条 人民法院审理行政案件，应当收取诉讼费用。诉讼费用由败诉方承担，双方都有责任的由双方分担。收取诉讼费用的具体办法另行规定。
第一百零三条 本法自一九九〇年十月一日起施行。
Article 102: People's courts hearing administrative cases shall collect litigation fees. Litigation expenses are borne by the losing side, and by both sides where both sides have responsibility. Specific methods for charging litigation fees shall be provided separately.
Article 103: This law takes force on October 1, 1990.